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Lesson 10

The Protestant Reformation

Protestantism took root in Germany, and other Protestant movements quickly swept across Europe, inspired as much by politics as differences in theology.

Catechism Connections

Lesson Topics
Catholic Apologetics Church History Heresies World Religions
Essential Lessons
Lesson Vocabulary

  • Protestant Reformation
    :
    (n.): A 16th century revolt began by Martin Luther that divided and eventually splintered Christianity. Many Christian churches, which are known as Protestant churches or denominations, formed as a result of this split. Though Jesus desires that His Church be one, all baptized Christians are brothers and sisters in Christ.
  • Nationalism
    :
    (n.): Historically, a cultural shift on the part of individuals from identification with one’s monarch and kingdom, towards a recognition of nation- states as political entities and affinity for one’s national identity. Today the term refers to a special loyalty to one’s own nation and is typically used as a pejorative.
  • Ninety-Five Theses
    :
    (n.): Martin Luther’s list of abuses (some real, some perceived) in the Catholic Church which he posted on the door of a church in Wittenberg, Germany in 1517.
  • Indulgences
    :
    (n.): A partial or complete remission of the temporal punishment due to sins which have already been forgiven. The Church dispenses indulgences under certain conditions from the stored treasure house of satisfaction gained by Christ and the saints. The faithful can gain indulgences for themselves or for those who have already died.
  • Edict of Worms
    :
    (n.): The decree issued by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V declaring Martin Luther to be a heretic and an outlaw, and banning his writings.
  • Protestants
    :
    (n.): Members of any of the Western ecclesial communities that follow the teachings of reformers who separated from the Catholic Church after the Reformation. Protestants differ in their teachings, but all reject the authority of the pope and lack most Sacraments, however, through our common Baptism, Catholics and Protestants can truly be said to be brothers and sisters in Christ.
  • Peasant's War
    :
    (n.): An uprising of German peasants and certain indebted nobles in 1524–1525 brought about by worsening economic conditions, and which led to the burning of churches, convents, monasteries, and libraries. While the violence was incited by some who thought they were following the teachings of Martin Luther, Luther himself, while sympathizing with the peasants’ complaints, did not support the violence of the uprising and called for civil authorities to suppress it.
  • The Apocrypha/Deuterocanonical Books
    :
    (n.): Seven books of the Old Testament and parts of others not recognized as canonical or inspired by Protestants and modern-day Jews, but which have always been recognized as inspired Scripture by the Catholic Church. These books are Tobit, Judith, Sirach, Wisdom, Baruch, and 1 and 2 Maccabees, as well as additional parts of Esther and Daniel.
  • Adoration
    :
    (n.): The form of prayer in which we worship God and express our love for Him.
  • Justification
    :
    (n.): The transformation of the sinner (all of us) from a state of unrighteousness to a state of holiness with God. It is an act done by God that requires our free participation with His grace. We are justified by the Sacrament of Baptism, which makes us children of God. Our justification, or salvation, is won for us by Christ’s sacrifice on the Cross and by His Resurrection.
  • Sola Gratia
    :
    (n.): The belief that we are saved through God’s grace, and that our own efforts play no role in our salvation. Catholics do not believe in sola gratia, Latin for “grace alone.”
  • Sola Fide
    :
    (n.): The belief that we are saved through faith alone, and that our willing cooperation with God’s grace plays no role in our salvation. This belief is held by most non-Catholic Christian churches. Latin for “faith alone.”
  • Sola Scriptura
    :
    (n.): The belief that the Bible is the only source of divine revelation held by most non-Catholic Christian churches. Latin for “by Scripture alone.”
  • Augsburg Confession
    :
    (n.): The statement of the Lutheran faith composed by Martin Luther and theologian Philip Melanchthon.
  • Lutheranism
    :
    (n.): The Protestant denomination founded by Martin Luther. Lutherans do not believe in the doctrine of Transubstantiation, instead, believing in consubstantiation, or that Jesus is present in the Eucharist alongside the bread and the wine, which remain bread and wine and do change into His Body and Blood. They also believe Baptism is the only other valid Sacrament, that man is justified by grace alone (sola gratia) and saved by faith alone (sola fide), and that Scripture is the sole authority on matters of faith (sola Scriptura), rejecting papal authority.
  • Calvinism
    :
    (n.): The Protestant denomination founded by John Calvin, also known as the Reformed tradition. Calvin developed the Lutheran idea of justification by grace alone, asserting that God predestines some to be saved and some to be damned, independent of anything those people do or do not do.
  • Double Predestination
    :
    (n.): The inevitable conclusion flowing from the Calvinist teaching on free will: Since God predetermines certain people to go to Heaven, then He necessarily predetermines some people to go to Hell.
  • Presbyterianism
    :
    (n.): Protestant denomination branched off from Calvinism, which has a representative form of church government with leaders elected by the people of each congregation.
  • Anglicanism
    :
    (n.): The Church of England founded in 1534, when Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy establishing King Henry VIII and his heirs as head of the Church in that realm.

    • Plan

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    Vocabulary Review
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    Vocabulary Review Answer Key
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    The Trinity with Souls in Purgatory (ca. 1740)
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    Heaven: You're Not Good Enough (and why that's okay) Video

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